Next chapter is on short forms of verbs, adjectives, and nouns, as can be used by seniors to their juniors and within close friend/family circles. This consists of swapping out "desu" for "da" on na-adjectives/nouns ending with "desu," and with nothing for "i" adjectives. For present tense negative, you kick away "arimasen" and replace it with "nai." "ii" is irregular, and so its negative short form is "yokunai," which is not short at all. For ru-verbs, "ru" goes away and is replaced with "nai." U-verbs, "u" goes away and is replaced with "anai." In the irregular category, "suru" and "kuru" are replaced with "shinai" and "konai," respectively.
Within the context of "close friends, family, and seniors to juniors if they so choose" short forms can be used for at least these four contexts, namely quoted speech "I think..." and "he said...", negative requests like "please don't..." and expressing idea such as "I like doing..." or "I am good at doing..."
Further, question sentences denote a question with a rising intonation rather than "ka," while the "da" ending of na-adjectives and noun+desu constructions tend to get dropped entirely.
Negative short form can be ended with "dekudasai."
To describe a preference for certain items, as well as a preference for certain activities, "gasukidesu" and "kiraidesu" can be used, while adding a "no" to the verbal short form to express the idea of doing said activity.
To be good at doing something/bad at doing something can be denote